{"product_id":"athanasii-kircheri-e-soc-jesu-china-monumentis","title":"ATHANASII KIRCHERI E Soc Jesu CHINA MONUMENTIS","description":"\u003cp\u003equa Sacris quÃ  Profanis, Nec non variis NATURAE \u0026amp; ARTIS SPECTACULIS, Aliarumque rerum memorabilium Argumentis ILLUSTRATA auspiciis LEOPOLDI PRIMI, ROMAN. IMPER. SEMPER AUGUSTI, Munificentissimi Mecenatis. [Moto e vinheta da Companhia de Jesus com figuras de acompanhamento] AMSTELODAMI, Apud Jacobum Ã  Meurs, in fossa vulgÃ² de Keysersgracht, Anno M.DC.LXVII. [1667].\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn 4Âº (33x21 cm) com [14], 237, [11] pags.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEncadernaÃ§Ã£o do sÃ©c. XX com lombada em pele.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIlustrado em extratexto com 1 frontispÃ­cio e 26 gravuras. Texto impresso a duas colunas, com extensas passagens impressas em caracteres sirÃ­acos e chineses. Ilustrado no texto com cerca de 41 gravuras (circa 14x17,5 cm) e inÃºmeras gravuras com ilustraÃ§Ãµes dos caracteres das lÃ­nguas orientais.Â \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eExemplar intonso (por aparar) e em excelente estado de conservaÃ§Ã£o.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eRarÃ­ssima primeira ediÃ§Ã£o em latim publicada por Jacob Meurs, sendo conhecida como a ediÃ§Ã£o pirata. Segundo Brunet 1921, III, 666: A qualidade grÃ¡fica Ã© idÃªntica ou superior Ã  ediÃ§Ã£o de Joannem Janssonium, apenas com ligeiras diferenÃ§as relativamente Ã s dimensÃµes das gravuras.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA obra contÃ©m belas gravuras tiradas dos originais chineses que Grueber trouxe para a Europa em 1664.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDimensÃµes das manchas grÃ¡ficas das gravuras extratexto:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFrontispÃ­cio 26,5x17,5 cm; Retrato de Kircher: 28x18 cm; InscriÃ§Ã£o chinesa nestoriana: 66x37cm; InscriÃ§Ã£o sirÃ­aca 30x19 cm; Nomina apostolicorum 30x19 cm; Mapa do Cataio 35x27 cm; Cruz de SÃ£o TomÃ© 26,5x17,5 cm; De Mogorum de 26x18 cm; Imperi sino Tartari Supremus Monarcha 26,5x18 cm;Â  Habitus 28,5x18 cm; Idem 28,5x18 cm; Adam Schall 28x18 cm; Mateus Ricci \u0026amp; paulus magnus 28x18 cm; CortezÃ£ 28x18 cm; CortezÃ£ 28,5x18,5 cm; Turris Novizonia 27x17,5 cm; Schematismus (...) Sinensium Numina 28x18 cm; Typis Pussae seu Cybelis 27,5x18 cm; Fabulosa Brachmanum 24,5x16,5 cm; Elementa lingua sanscrit (5 foliae) 30x19 cm; hiam Cervis Muscatis 19x16,5 cm; Pons volans in Provincia Xensi 19,5x31 cm.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEsta obra foi posteriormente publicada em holandÃªs, inglÃªs e francÃªs. Chamou a atenÃ§Ã£o de um grande nÃºmero de ocidentais para as maravilhas e curiosidades do Extremo Oriente, incluindo os pÃ©s de lÃ³tus (ligaduras colocadas nos pÃ©s das mulheres para os manter pequenos), o Confucionismo, a Grande Muralha, as lacas, as sopas de ninho de andorinha, o chÃ¡, etc.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOs capÃ­tulos incluem histÃ³ria natural e linguÃ­stica, apresentando transcriÃ§Ãµes peculiares da escrita chinesa. Kircher era especialista em lÃ­nguas antigas do MÃ©dio Oriente, o que Ã© demonstrado pelos vÃ¡rios idiomas presentes na obra.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEste livro representa um marco no estudo da lÃ­ngua e da cultura chinesas. Segundo Merrill, Kircher, atravÃ©s do missionÃ¡rio Michael Boym, tomou conhecimento das famosas inscriÃ§Ãµes nestorianas feitas pelos missionÃ¡rios cristÃ£os que teriam chegado Ã  China no ano 781.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eContÃ©m a transcriÃ§Ã£o e o primeiro vocabulÃ¡rio chinÃªs impresso no Ocidente, tendo-se tornado um texto padrÃ£o para o estudo da lÃ­ngua chinesa atÃ© ao sÃ©culo XIX.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSegundo os crÃ­ticos, o objectivo principal desta obra era estabelecer a autenticidade do monumento nestoriano que fora entretanto descoberto. Para esse fim, Kircher produziu e imprimiu as inscriÃ§Ãµes chinesas e sirÃ­acas deste monumento, um texto chinÃªs latinizado e finalmente uma traduÃ§Ã£o latina com a sua explicaÃ§Ã£o dos textos chineses e sirÃ­aco.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAlÃ©m disso Kircher incluiu na obra descriÃ§Ãµes considerÃ¡veis da China e de outros lugares na Ãsia como, por exemplo, uma secÃ§Ã£o dedicada ao cristianismo na China, o esboÃ§o de todas as antigas rotas terrestres (incluindo a de Agra para Pequim), bem como uma descriÃ§Ã£o do Tibete.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eKircher descreve as religiÃµes da China, JapÃ£o e Ãndia, segundo o que ele pensava ser a propagaÃ§Ã£o da idolatria do PrÃ³ximo Oriente em direcÃ§Ã£o Ã  PÃ©rsia, Ãndia e finalmente Ã  Ãsia Oriental. HÃ¡ vÃ¡rios capÃ­tulos sobre governo, costumes, geografia, fauna, flora e artes mecÃ¢nicas na China.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNo final do sÃ©culo XX as qualidades estÃ©ticas desta obra comeÃ§aram novamente a ser apreciadas. Um estudioso moderno, Alan Cutler, descreve Kircher como \"um gigante entre os estudiosos do sÃ©culo XVII\" e \"um dos Ãºltimos pensadores que poderia legitimamente reivindicar o domÃ­nio de todas as Ã¡reas do conhecimento\". Outro estudioso, Edward W. Schmidt, referiu Kircher como \"o Ãºltimo homem do Renascimento\".\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSobre esta ediÃ§Ã£o dita pirata; ver in Boston College (ricci.bc.edu\/books\/china-illustrata): Â«Esta obra Ã© conhecida formalmente pelo seu nome completo em latim â€œAthanasii Kircheri e Soc. Jesu China monumentis [etcâ€¦]â€.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAthanasius Kircher (da Companhia de Jesus) compilou informaÃ§Ã£o sobre assuntos religiosos e laicos, tendo-se focado tambÃ©m em caracterÃ­sticas naturais da China (como a flora, fauna e paisagem) e acrescentando diversos assuntos que poderiam ser de interesse, tais como o excepcional artesanato, entre outros.Cada um destes temas Ã© acompanhado de numerosas ilustraÃ§Ãµes. [â€¦]\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eKircher nunca esteve na China, mas como residia no ColÃ©gio dos JesuÃ­tas em Roma, onde recebiam formaÃ§Ã£o e estudavam muitos missionÃ¡rios que desenvolviam o seu trabalho na China, encontrava-se habilitado a compilar os relatÃ³rios que eram enviados por estes Ã  administraÃ§Ã£o dos JesuÃ­tas em Roma. [â€¦]\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDe acordo com a pesquisa efectuada por David Richtmyer, bibliotecÃ¡rio de livros raros e Catalogador-Chefe na Burns Library da Universidade de Boston, existe uma histÃ³ria interessante por trÃ¡s do sucesso da publicaÃ§Ã£o de Kircher. Kircher era jÃ¡ um autor conhecido e tinha um editor com quem trabalhava habitualmente (quando morreu tinha publicado 40 trabalhos).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOs seus editores, Janssonius van Waesberge and Elizer Weyerstraten, estavam sediados em AmesterdÃ£o e fizeram uma ediÃ§Ã£o do seu trabalho em 1667. Sabe-se, no entanto, que, tambÃ©m no mesmo ano, outro editor de AmesterdÃ£o, Jacob van Meurs, tambÃ©m o editou. Esta Ãºltima versÃ£o era, portanto, uma ediÃ§Ã£o pirata e Van Meurs teria de alguma forma obtido as pÃ¡ginas originais do texto e comissionara um novo conjunto de gravuras. Van Waesberge e Weyerstraten intentaram uma acÃ§Ã£o legal denunciando este facto, acÃ§Ã£o essa que deu origem a uma reuniÃ£o com Van Meurs, um notÃ¡rio pÃºblico e um terceiro editor.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eComo atesta Richtmyer no site da Biblioteca da Universidade de Boston â€œnesta reuniÃ£o, em 27 de Junho de 1667, as partes lesadas exigiram que Van Meurs entregasse a sua cÃ³pia da obra na Ã­ntegra: todas as cÃ³pias editadas bem como as placas de gravaÃ§Ã£o em cobre e madeira, tendo sido ainda proibido de voltar a publicar este trabalho. Em compensaÃ§Ã£o, Van Meurs recebeu 3.450 florins, que cobriam os custos da sua â€œre-impressÃ£oâ€. As impressÃµes subsequentes que saÃ­ram do prelo da empresa de Janssonius van Waesberge e Weyerstraten (e mais tarde da viÃºva deste Ãºltimo) usaram as gravuras ligeiramente mais pequenas comissionadas por Van Meurs, apesar de o texto se ter mantido exactamente o mesmo.â€\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSurge aqui uma outra questÃ£o: porque foi o copiador compensado pela destruiÃ§Ã£o da sua cÃ³pia? Aparentemente, Van Meurs recebeu este dinheiro â€“ apesar de neste caso ser o transgressor â€“ porque alguns anos antes os outros dois tinham copiado algo de Van Meurs e lucrado com isso. Portanto, claramente o notÃ¡rio e o outro editor conseguiram que houvesse uma espÃ©cie de entendimento entre Van Meurs e os dois lesados. (Van Meurs era um importante editor e fabricante de globos, por isso nÃ£o Ã© de surpreender que possuÃ­sse algo merecedor de ser copiado).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA forma como o trabalho de Kircher foi copiado diz muito, nÃ£o sÃ³ sobre a previsÃ£o da popularidade da sua China Illustrata, mas tambÃ©m sobre a forma negligente de exercer direitos de autor no inÃ­cio do mundo moderno ou, pelo menos, a forma como os editores, em centros tÃ£o importantes como AmesterdÃ£o, queriam manter privilÃ©gios exclusivos dos direitos de impressÃ£o e, ao mesmo tempo, os rodeavam desde que pelo preÃ§o certo. Aqui se comprova que a pirataria de livros e o desrespeito pela propriedade intelectual nÃ£o Ã© uma questÃ£o recente. Os leitores em geral irÃ£o apreciar nÃ£o sÃ³ a perÃ­cia do(s) gravador(es), mas tambÃ©m os belos detalhes de cada ilustraÃ§Ã£o, que agregam informaÃ§Ãµes sobre temas como o chÃ¡, gingseng, a Grande Muralha e as roupas do imperador. Os acadÃ©micos irÃ£o apreciar as crÃ³nicas sobre a China e o facto de poderem ler (e pesquisar) relatos revistos sobre a China que remontam a mais de 300 anosÂ».\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBrunet 1921, III, 666: Â«CHINA, monumentis qua sacris, qua profanesâ€¦ Illustrata. Amstel., 1667, in-fol, 9-12 fr. [28271]. Selon Ogleâ€™s oriental catalogue, London, 1820, in 8Âº, nÂº 1022, il existe deux Ã©ditions de cet ouvrage, sous la mÃªme date, et donâ€™t lâ€™une est en plus grand caractÃ¨res que lâ€™autre, et renferme des cartes grav. Sur une plus grande Ã©chele; du reste le contenue est le mÃªme. 21fr. Mar. r. HuzardÂ»\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e[EN] This is the first Latin edition from Jacob Meurs, known as a pirate edition. The book was quickly reissued in Dutch, English, and French.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis work brought to the attention of a large numbers of Westerners the wonders and curiosities of the Far East including foot binding, Confucianism, the Great Wall, lacquer, bird's nest soup, and tea, among others.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eChapters include natural history and language, with bizarre copies of Chinese script. Kirchers expertise was in ancient Middle Eastern languages, this being demonstrated by the multiple languages present in the book.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis book represents a milestone in the study of Chinese language. Kircher learned from missionary Michael Boym the existence of the famous Nestorian inscription at His-an Fu, which showed that Christian missionaries reached China in A.D. 781. The transcription and transliteration of the His-an Fu inscription, printed here for the first time, is 'the first Chinese vocabulary ever printed in the West and the standard text for the study of Chinese until the nineteenth century' (Merrill).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAccording to some reviews the primary purpose of Kircher was to establish the authenticity of the Nestorian monument. With this in mind, he produced and printed the original Chinese and Syriac inscriptions on the monument, the Chinese text adapted in Latin, and last a Latin translation and his comments to the Chinese and Syriac texts. Additionally Kircher included extensive descriptions of China and other places in Asia. For example, in a section devoted to Christianity in China, he sketched all the old overland routes, including that of Grueber and d'Orville from Agra to Beijing, as well as a description of Tibet.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFollowing what he thought to be the spread of idolatry from the Near East to Persia, India, and finally to East Asia, Kircher described the religions of China, Japan, and India. There are several chapters on government, customs, geography, fauna, flora, and mechanical arts of China, and a very interesting scholarly discussion on the Chinese language. There is a long Chinese-Latin dictionary.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eKircher's volume contains several beautiful pictures taken from Chinese and Mughal originals, which Grueber had brought back to Europe in 1664. In the late 20th century the aesthetic qualities of his work began again to be appreciated. One modern scholar, Alan Cutler, described Kircher as \"a giant among seventeenth-century scholars\", and \"one of the last thinkers who could rightfully claim all knowledge as his domain\". Another scholar, Edward W. Schmidt, referred to Kircher as \"the last Renaissance man\".\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eÂ \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn Boston College (http:\/\/ricci.bc.edu\/books\/china-illustrata): Â«Strictly speaking this work is formally known by its full Latin title: Athanasii Kircheri e Soc. Jesu China monumentis [etc] Athanasius Kircher (of the Society of Jesus) acted as a compiler, bringing together information on things both religious and secular, as well as concerning the various natural things of China (such as flora, fauna and landscape), in addition to anything else that might be of interest, such as exceptional handicrafts and so on. These items were accompanied by numerous illustrations. [â€¦]\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eKircher never traveled to China but because he was based at the Jesuitsâ€™ College in Rome, where many China-based missionaries had trained and studied, he was well placed to compile the reports that they sent back to the Jesuitsâ€™ administrative offices in Rome. [â€¦]\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAccording to research by David Richtmyer, the Rare Books Librarian and Senior Cataloger at the Burns Library, Boston College, there is an interesting back-story to Kircherâ€™s successful publication. Kircher was already a well-known author, and thus had a usual publisher with whom he dealt. (By the end of his life he had published 40 works).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHis regular publisher was the printing house in Amsterdam run by the business partners Janssonius van Waesberge and Elizer Weyerstraten. They produced a copy of his work in 1667, but it is known that another Amsterdam publisher, Jacob van Meurs, also brought out a copy in the same year. This latter version was therefore a pirated copy, and somehow Van Meurs had obtained the original sheets of text, and had commissioned a new set of engravings. Van Waesberge and Weyerstraten sought legal redress about this act of copying, and thus held a meeting with Van Meurs, a public notary and a third printer.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAccording to Richtmyer (on the BC Library website) â€œat this meeting, on 27 June 1667, the aggrieved parties demanded that Van Meurs hand over the entirety of his copy of the work: all his printed copies along with his copper and woodblock plates. Further, he was to cease and desist from publishing this work again. In return Van Meurs received 3,450 florins, which basically covered the costs of his â€˜reprint.â€™ Subsequent printings at the shop of Janssonius van Waesberge and Weyerstraten (and later with Weyerstratenâ€™s widow) used the slightly smaller engravings that Van Meurs had commissioned, though the text remained precisely the same.â€\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA further question arises as to why the copyist is compensated for the destruction of his copy. Apparently Van Meurs was paid this money â€“ even though he was the offender in this instance â€“ because some years earlier the other two had actually copied something of Van Meurs, and had clearly profited from that act. Therefore the other printer and the notary clearly worked some sort of truce between Van Meurs and his two complainants. (Van Meurs was a significant printer and globe maker in his own right, so the fact that he had something worth copying is not unlikely).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe manner in which Kircherâ€™s work was copied says much, therefore, about not only the predicted popularity of his China Illustrata but also about the lax attitudes to copyright in the early modern world. Or at least, while printers in centers as distinguished as Amsterdam wanted to maintain exclusive privileges to the rights to print something, they were not above trying to get around those rights if the price was right. Clearly book piracy and disregard for intellectual property is not a new thing. General readers will appreciate not only the skill of the engraver(s) but also the fine details contained within the illustrations, that convey information about items like tea, ginseng, the Great Wall and the clothing of the emperor.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eScholars will appreciate the reportage about China, and enjoy being able to read (and search) redacted accounts about China from almost three hundred years agoÂ». Biography of Kircher filled at the Metropolitan Museum of Art: Â«Kircher was ordained a Jesuit in 1628 in Mainz, Germany, but fled his homeland and settled in Rome in 1634 to escape the Thirty Years War. He remained in Rome most of his life researching a wide variety of disciplines, from geography and astronomy to medicine and music.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHe was a rigorous and sometimes unconventional scientist, yet all his writings retain some of his mystical and religious conceptions of nature. The \"China Illustrata\" was first published in Latin in 1667, in German in 1668, and in French two years later. The text is based on descriptions by European explorers (many of them Jesuits) in China, India, and other Asian countries. With this book Kircher hoped to demonstrate the origin of Oriental \"customs, ceremonies, and idols . . . and to demonstrate the way to bring [back] those who have been turned away from Christ by devilish malice.\"\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe splendid engravings were based on explorers' sketches and original images imported from Asia. Not only are they clear visualizations of Kircherâ€™s philosophy toward Asian traditions but they are also the first complete illustrations of various aspects of the civilizationÂ».\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Garimpo dos Livros","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":58295760781644,"sku":"1511JC011","price":54000.0,"currency_code":"BRL","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1066\/5617\/0316\/files\/1511JC011_1.jpg?v=1785850598","url":"https:\/\/garimpodoslivros.com.br\/products\/athanasii-kircheri-e-soc-jesu-china-monumentis","provider":"Garimpo dos Livros","version":"1.0","type":"link"}