{"product_id":"de-ivsto-imperio-lvsitanorvm-asiatico","title":"DE IVSTO IMPERIO LVSITANORVM ASIATICO.","description":"\u003cp\u003eAuctore Fr. Seraphino Freitas Lusitano in Pinciana Academia vespertina in Sacris Canonibus Cathedra antecessore Ãª Merce narijs mÃ­nimo. Ad Philippum IIII. potentissimum Hispaniarum, \u0026amp; Indiarum Monarcham. Cum Priuilegijs Castellae, \u0026amp; Lusitania. Vallisoleti: [Valladolid] Ex Officina Hieronymi Morillo, Alma Vniuersittis Typographi. Anno M. DC. XXV. [1625]\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn 8.Âº de 19,5x14,5 cm. Com [viii], 190, [xxviii] fÃ³lios. EncadernaÃ§Ã£o da Ã©poca em pergaminho flexÃ­vel, com tÃ­tulo manuscrito junto da coifa superior.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFolha de rosto a negro e vermelho, apresentando o brasÃ£o de Filipe IV de Espanha, III de Portugal.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eExemplar com leves falhas marginais recuperadas em dois fÃ³lios: fl. 170 com leve falha sem perda de texto Ã  cabeÃ§a; fl. 175 com perda do tÃ­tulo genÃ©rico da obra e da numeraÃ§Ã£o do fÃ³lio.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eApresenta ainda um ex-libris armoriado, sobreposto a outro anteriormente existente, ambos no verso da pasta anterior da encadernaÃ§Ã£o ou seja diretamente no interior do pergaminho.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eObra jurÃ­dica sobre o direito jurisdicional e comercial dos reis de Portugal sobre os mares do Oriente e da AmÃ©rica. Escrita no perÃ­odo da governaÃ§Ã£o filipina pelo grande jurista portuguÃªs Frei Serafim de Freitas o qual refuta a obra da Holanda em 1608.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1Âª ediÃ§Ã£o.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDe acordo com Palau esta obra refuta o Â«Mare LiberumÂ» da autoria do famoso jurista holandÃªs Hugo Grocio. A obra de Grocio foi escrita inicialmente para tentar legitimar juridicamente um famoso acto de pirataria efetuado em 1603 por corsÃ¡rios holandeses ao serviÃ§o da companhia das Ãndias Orientais.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOs holandeses, que Ã  Ã©poca estavam em guerra com o rei de Espanha e Portugal, assaltaram e aprisionaram a famosa nau portuguesa Santa Catarina no estreito de Singapura, quando esta se dirigia de Macau para Malaca, vetustamente carregada com mercadorias exÃ³ticas. Esta nau, comandada por SebastiÃ£o SerrÃ£o, apresentava 1500 toneladas de porte e transportava setecentos tripulantes e passageiros.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA famosa e cobiÃ§ada carga da nau Santa Catarina foi vendida em leilÃ£o na Holanda atingindo somas astronÃ³micas para a Ã©poca, arrecadando o dobro do capital da prÃ³pria Companhia das Ãndias. Contudo, parte dos associados da companhia Ãndias Orientais considerou ilegÃ­tima esta aÃ§Ã£o corsÃ¡ria holandesa, demarcou-se da situaÃ§Ã£o, vendendo as suas aÃ§Ãµes da companhia e recusando-se a receber dividendos (200%).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eToda esta polÃ©mica iniciou uma grande discussÃ£o europeia em torno dos direitos adquiridos pelos portugueses com os descobrimentos, as vÃ¡rias bulas papais concedidas a favor do Â«Mare ClausumÂ» e sobre tudo sobre a livre circulaÃ§Ã£o de mercadorias e capitais no Mundo, influenciando assim de forma capital o Â«Direito das GentesÂ», a economia global no mundo de entÃ£o. A prÃ³pria companhia das Ãndias Orientais encomendou a Grocio um parecer jurÃ­dico sobre o Â«Direito de PresaÂ» e a liberdade dos holandeses navegarem nos mares reclamados pelos portugueses. O parecer foi escrito em 1605, mas ficou inÃ©dito atÃ© 1868. Deste extraiu-se para impressÃ£o em 1608, apenas o capitulo XII, que trata sobre a liberdade dos mares Â«Mare LiberumÂ».\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEm 1635 John Selden publica a obra \u003cem\u003eMare Clausum Seu De Dominio Maris\u003c\/em\u003e, defendendo os interesses ingleses, quando os seus monarcas quiseram proibir os pescadores holandeses de utilizar a suas Ã¡guas para pescar. Assim a polÃ©mica ganhou nova importÃ¢ncia.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eO enquadramento histÃ³rico e polÃ­tico na Ã©poca do domÃ­nio filipino nÃ£o era de todo favorÃ¡vel Ã  posiÃ§Ã£o portuguesa como potÃªncia comercial e marÃ­tima. Verificava-se um acentuado declÃ­nio polÃ­tico e comercial, devido fundamentalmente ao facto dos interesses polÃ­ticos e militares de Portugal e Espanha serem frequentemente antagÃ³nicos. Portugal estava umbilicalmente ligado Ã  coroa Espanhola pelo rei, nÃ£o podendo por isso utilizar a velha alianÃ§a inglesa como instrumento polÃ­tico fundamental para proteger o seu impÃ©rio comercial da cobiÃ§a holandesa, francesa e atÃ© inglesa.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOs trÃªs monarcas do perÃ­odo filipino foram quase sempre condicionados por interminÃ¡veis revoluÃ§Ãµes internas e guerras nos PaÃ­ses Baixos, levando isto Ã  lamentÃ¡vel proibiÃ§Ã£o dos navios de comerciantes holandeses se poderem abastecer em portos ibÃ©ricos, fazendo com que estes fossem comprar os produtos exÃ³ticos na sua origem. Foram sobretudo marcados pela desastrosa derrota da invencÃ­vel armada, que debilitou tragicamente o poderio naval portuguÃªs.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSerafim de Freitas compreendeu a relevÃ¢ncia universal da questÃ£o, trabalhou nela de forma erudita, sÃ³lida, Ã¡rdua e metÃ³dica para justificar os seus argumentos, ao contrÃ¡rio do seu oponente que escreveu a obra num contexto jurÃ­dico-filosÃ³fico totalmente diferente. Freitas, Ã  Ã©poca residente em Valladolid, teve sobretudo o grande mÃ©rito patriÃ³tico de conseguir publicar a sua obra num ambiente histÃ³rico-politico muito complexo.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eInicialmente Filipe II nÃ£o queria reconhecer a questÃ£o, proibindo inclusivamente a sua discussÃ£o e incluindo a obra de Grocio no Ã­ndex de livros proibidos pela inquisiÃ§Ã£o. Os prÃ³prios juristas espanhÃ³is, em geral, eram a favor da livre navegaÃ§Ã£o dos mares. Mesmo depois da morte do rei, os prÃ³prios governadores portugueses dificultaram a publicaÃ§Ã£o da obra, com medo de perderem influÃªncia junto da corte espanhola. Mais tarde, com o novo rei, os ventos polÃ­ticos mudaram e finalmente a obra foi publicada.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEm 1961 publicou-se em Lisboa, a traduÃ§Ã£o portuguesa da obra da autoria de Miguel Pinto de Meneses, acompanhada do texto latino, com uma magnÃ­fica introduÃ§Ã£o do Prof. Dr. Marcello Caetano, da qual retirÃ¡mos a maioria dos elementos para elaborar esta ficha bibliogrÃ¡fica. Existe tambÃ©m uma reimpressÃ£o de 1983, feita no Ã¢mbito da XVII ExposiÃ§Ã£o Europeia de Arte, CiÃªncia e Cultura - Os Descobrimentos Portugueses e a Europa do Renascimento.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e[EN] In octavo. 19,5x14,5 cm. [viii], 190, [xxviii] folios.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eContemporary flexible parchment binding with handwritten title at the top of spine.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFrontispiece printed in black and red with the coat of arms of Philip IV of Spain (Philip III of Portugal).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCopy with two slight marginal restored flaws. Folio 170 at top of page, restored without loss of text, and folio 175 at top of the page, restored, with loss of generic title and the numbering of folio.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis copy presents two heraldic ex-libris overlapping each other directly on the reverse of the parchment.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLegal work on the jurisdictional and commercial law of the Kings of Portugal over the Far East and American Seas. Written during the Spanish domain by a great Portuguese lawyer, Father Seraphim de Freitas.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFirst edition.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAccording to Palau, Seraphim de Freitas refutes â€œMare Liberumâ€, a work published in 1608, in Holland, by the famous Dutch jurist Hugo Grotius. The work of Grotius was initially written to legally legitimize the famous 1603 act of piracy by Dutch privateers serving under the East India Company.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAt the time, the Dutch were at war with the King of Spain and Portugal. They attacked and captured the famous Portuguese ship \u003cem\u003eSanta Catarina\u003c\/em\u003e, loaded with exotic goods, in the Strait of Singapore during her voyage from Macau to Malacca . This vessel, commanded by Sebastian SerrÃ£o, had a 1,500 tonnage and carried 700 people between passengers and crew.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHer famous and desired cargo was auctioned in the Netherlands, reaching astronomical sums for that time, raising the double of the capital of The East India Company. However part of the East India Company associates considered this Dutch action as unlawful, and sold their shares of the company, refusing to receive the dividends (200%).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis whole controversy started a great discussion around Europe on the rights vested by the Portuguese due to the discoveries, the several Papal bulls granted in favour of the \"Mare clausum\", and, above all, on the free movement of goods and capital around the world, thus influencing the â€œRights of the Peopleâ€ in a vital way as well as the global economy at the time.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe East India Company commissioned Grocius for his legal advice on the Dutch â€œRight of apprehensionâ€\" and freedom to sail the seas claimed by the Portuguese. The report was written in 1605 but remained unpublished until 1868. The twelfth chapter, dealing with the freedom of the seas \"Mare Liberum\", was extracted from this report and printed in 1608.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn 1635 John Selden publishes â€œMare Clausum Seu De Dominio Marisâ€ defending the British interests due to the King wanting to prohibit the Dutch fishermen to fish in British waters, thus having the controversy gained a new importance.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe historical and political framework of the time was not advantageous to the Portuguese position as a maritime and trading power. There was a sharp political and commercial decline, mainly due to the fact that political and military interests of Portugal and Spain were often antagonistic. Portugal was inextricably linked to the Spanish crown through the King, and therefore could not use his old English Covenant as a key policy to protect its commercial empire from the greed of the Dutch, the French and even the English.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe three Spanish monarchs, who consecutively ruled Portugal, were almost always conditioned by endless internal revolutions and wars with the Netherlands, thus conducting to the banning of the Dutch ships from the Iberian ports and consequently leading them to buy all exotic products at their origin. Also the defeat of the Spanish Armada was disastrous for the Portuguese maritime power.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSeraphim de Freitas understood the universal relevance of this issue, working hard to justify his arguments in an erudite, solid and methodical way. The approach of his opponent was, on the other hand, completely different, having his work a more legal-philosophical context.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eInitially King Philip II would not acknowledge the issue, even forbidding the discussion and including the work of Grocio on the Inquisitionâ€™s Index of forbidden books. Most of the Spanish lawyers were in favour of the free navigation of the seas. Even after the death of the King, the Portuguese governors hindered the publication of the work for fear of losing influence within the Spanish Court. Later under the new King, the policies winds changed and the work was finally published.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn 1961 a translation of this work was published in Lisbon by Miguel Pinto de Meneses, together with the text in Latin and with an Introduction of Prof. Marcello Caetano. There was also a reprint of this translation in 1983, published by the XVII European Art, Science, and Culture Exhibition.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eReferÃªncias\/References:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePalau 94957\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Garimpo dos Livros","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":58295793549644,"sku":"1603CS100","price":60000.0,"currency_code":"BRL","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1066\/5617\/0316\/files\/1603CS100_1.jpg?v=1785850890","url":"https:\/\/garimpodoslivros.com.br\/products\/de-ivsto-imperio-lvsitanorvm-asiatico","provider":"Garimpo dos Livros","version":"1.0","type":"link"}