{"product_id":"descria-aƒo-do-reino-de-portvgal","title":"DESCRIÃ‡ÃƒO DO REINO DE PORTVGAL.","description":"\u003cp\u003ePor Duarte Nunez do LeÃ£o, desembargador da casa da suplicaÃ§Ã£o. Dirigida ao illustrissimo \u0026amp; muito excelente sÃ±or Dom Diogo da Sylva, Duque de Francauilla, Conde de Salinas \u0026amp; Riuadeo, Presidente do conselho da coroa de Portugal. [Vinheta xilografada com o escudo das armas reais de Portugal]. EM LISBOA. Impresso com licenÃ§a, por Iorge Rodriguez. ANNO. 1610.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn 8Âº (de 18,5x13,5 cm) com [12], 161 [i. Ã© 162] fÃ³lios.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEncadernaÃ§Ã£o da Ã©poca, em pergaminho flexÃ­vel, com tÃ­tulo manuscrito na lombada, preservando atilhos. Cortes das folhas carminados. No interior da guarda anterior encontra-se palimpsesto impresso.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBela impressÃ£o sobre papel de linho muito alvo e espesso, adornada com capitulares xilogrÃ¡ficas decorativas ao longo do texto. A folha de rosto Ã© ilustrada com uma tarja tipogrÃ¡fica emoldurando o texto, ao centro encontra-se gravado um brasÃ£o com as armas reais de Portugal.O Ãºltimo fÃ³lio preliminar nÃ£o numerado apresenta ao centro um medalhÃ£o emblemÃ¡tico oval, decorado com uma palmeira e o sol nascente, no campo exterior o mote: 'Omnia Omnibus'.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEspÃ©cime bibliogrÃ¡fico de grande raridade.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eExemplar com um ex-libris do sÃ©culo XIX, 'W. E. Frere'. Apresenta grande sonoridade do papel. A folha de rosto e o Ãºltimo fÃ³lio encontram-se espelhados nas margens do verso com uma pequena tira de papel.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eÃ‰ de notar o facto deste exemplar apresentar uma correcÃ§Ã£o manuscrita no tÃ­tulo da folha de rosto (na palavra DescriÃ§Ã£o Â» DescripÃ§Ã£o) executada pela mesma mÃ£o do exemplar da BNP, logo indicando que os exemplares foram possivelmente todos corrigidos nesta inovaÃ§Ã£o ortogrÃ¡fica adoptada por Duarte Nunes de LeÃ£o, porÃ©m ainda nÃ£o consensual na sua Ã©poca.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSegundo o sobrinho do autor, Gil Nunez do LeÃ£o, que submeteu ao Rei a petiÃ§Ã£o para autorizar a publicaÃ§Ã£o da obra, nÃ£o foi efectuada qualquer alteraÃ§Ã£o ao texto original, ainda que nos Ãºltimos anos da sua vida o autor tenha pretendido fazÃª-lo, o que nÃ£o aconteceu devido Ã  sua doenÃ§a. Diz Gil Nunez do LeÃ£o no prÃ³logo ao leitor: â€œEste livro acabou o Doutor meu tio de compor nos termos que que estÃ¡ no ano de 1599, estando neste tempo recolhido na vila de Alverca por causa do mal que nos Deus livre que entÃ£o houve neste reinoâ€.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eImportantissimo subsÃ­dio para a historiografia portuguesa, actualmente lida e estudada em teses disponÃ­veis. Aqui, o autor transmite um conjunto alargado de conhecimentos de vÃ¡rias Ã reas do saber â€“ Direito, Geografia, Sociologia, Economia, HistÃ³ria - e a obra aparece-nos redonda e completa sem que pareÃ§am faltar mais capÃ­tulos.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eO autor comeÃ§a com a explicaÃ§Ã£o sobre o direito administrativo romano, as divisÃµes e mudanÃ§as dos termos e limites dos cÃ­rculos judiciais e o que se acrescentou posteriormente, quando Portugal se tornou um paÃ­s soberano.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSegue-se a descriÃ§Ã£o geogrÃ¡fica das cidades, vilas e rios da LusitÃ¢nia. A partir da pÃ¡gina 18, o autor apresenta a teoria do direito romano que organiza os â€œJurÃ­dicos Conventosâ€, os municÃ­pios de Direito do LÃ¡cio, os municÃ­pios de Direito ItÃ¡lico, o conceito complexo de ColÃ³nia Romana, as vÃ¡rias maneiras em que havia as mesmas colÃ³nias e a presenÃ§a de importantes colÃ³nias romanas em Portugal (como por exemplo Beja) das quais o autor comprova a existÃªncia atravÃ©s de vestÃ­gios epigrÃ¡ficos e arqueolÃ³gicos.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eApresenta-se a partir do fÃ³lio 23 a descriÃ§Ã£o das serras e montanhas de Portugal, particularizando a Serra de Sintra com toda a sua mitologia ligada aos cultos do Sol e da Lua. Os rios Tejo, Guadiana, Mondego, ZÃªzere, Lima, Vouga e Douro apresentam descriÃ§Ãµes individuais e desenvolvidas com os seus afluentes e os locais dos seus cursos.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNo fÃ³lio 40 sÃ£o mencionadas as riquezas naturais e as produÃ§Ãµes em Portugal. Descrimina por regiÃ£o as minas de ouro, prata, jaspe, turquesas e pirites, mas tambÃ©m as pedreiras e em particular as que exportam as pedras das mÃ³s dos moinhos para as Ãndias Ocidentais e Orientais e atÃ© mesmo o barro que Ã© exportado pelo bom sabor e cheiro que confere Ã  Ã¡gua armazenada nos potes. TambÃ©m o sal, o azeite e o vinho sÃ£o mencionados (fÃ³lio 41) como produtos muito apreciados desde a antiguidade clÃ¡ssica, considerando o autor que os vinhos sÃ£o â€œde carregaÃ§Ã£o infinitaâ€, isto Ã©, produÃ§Ã£o ilimitada. ContÃ©m capÃ­tulos especÃ­ficos para o mel, a cera, o pescado, os cavalos e o gado em geral. No fÃ³lio 68 o autor refere o sabor particular da fruta e da carne dos animais em Portugal.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePor Ãºltimo, e mais curioso, o capÃ­tulo das importaÃ§Ãµes que os portugueses faziam e â€œa razÃ£o que se podem chamar suasâ€ Ã s produÃ§Ãµes das Ãndias Orientais e Ocidentais, da EtiÃ³pia, ArÃ¡bia, PÃ©rsia, China e Brasil, desde os diamantes, rubis e esmeraldas, atÃ© ao almÃ­scar, incenso, cÃ¢nforas e frutas exÃ³ticas de todas as espÃ©cies, alÃ©m do marfim, lacas, anises, pasteis de todas as cores e especiarias em geral.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNo sentido da riqueza humana - que existiu e existe em Portugal - o autor traÃ§a a biografia dos santos portugueses (comeÃ§ando pelo papa portuguÃªs SÃ£o DÃ¢maso), no entanto junta a esta lista â€œvarÃµes ilustres que em todo o tempo teveâ€ de forma a nÃ£o acontecer (cita o seu sobrinho no PrÃ³logo) o que se passou com Diocleciano que mandou queimar os escritos dos homens pios para que a ignorÃ¢ncia acabasse o trabalho que a crueldade nÃ£o tinha podido.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePor este motivo o autor inclui uma enorme biografia de Dom Frei Bartolomeu dos MÃ¡rtires que se estende ao longo de 12 fÃ³lios (cerca de 23 pÃ¡ginas). Dom Frei Bartolomeu, contemporÃ¢neo do autor, nÃ£o era santo, mas o autor assim o entendeu e explicou toda a justeza de o incluir como santo. Segue-se outro capÃ­tulo dos santos que nÃ£o sendo portugueses morreram em Portugal.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eO penÃºltimo tema abordado pelo autor (fÃ³lio 138) Ã© o das mulheres portuguesas. O autor toma-as num estado de pureza, honestidade, recolhimento e vÃ¡rias outras perfeiÃ§Ãµes valorizadas na Ã©poca. Depois insiste em escrever mais um capÃ­tulo (fÃ³lio 144) sobre o valor e o Ã¢nimo das mulheres portuguesas, comparando as mulheres de vÃ¡rias regiÃµes de Portugal e dando exemplos individuais de virtude de mulheres portuguesas conhecidas no seu tempo. Acrescenta ainda outro capÃ­tulo (fÃ³lio 151) com um louvor Ã s mulheres portuguesas na sua habilidade para as letras e artes liberais.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNo final da obra (nos Ãºltimos 4 fÃ³lios) encontra-se um capÃ­tulo, que deveria estar, pela lÃ³gica, no princÃ­pio da obra, falando sobre a gÃ©nese de Portugal e recorrendo para tal ao prÃ³prio Livro do GÃ©nesis, intitulado: â€œde como no princÃ­pio, depois do Diluvio, se governou Espanha e como esteve muitos mil anos sem haver Rei nem Monarquiaâ€, recapitulando aqui toda a mitologia egÃ­pcia, grega e latina relativa Ã  PenÃ­nsula IbÃ©rica. Neste tema menciona que os que vieram primeiro povoar o territÃ³rio: â€œforam uns que chamaram TÃºrdulos, outros Turdetanos, Vetones, e TartÃ©ssios que nÃ£o hÃ¡ saber-se sua origem, nem do tempo em que vieram, nem das marcaÃ§Ãµes certas da terra que habitavamâ€¦â€\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDuarte Nunes de LeÃ£o, ou do LeÃ£o (Ã‰vora, 1530 - Lisboa, 1608)Â  foi um jurista, linguista e historiador portuguÃªs de origem judaica. Formou-se em Direito pela Universidade de Coimbra, desempenhando mais tarde o cargo de juiz desembargador da Casa da SuplicaÃ§Ã£o. Defendeu a anexaÃ§Ã£o de Portugal por Castela, mas foi depois mal recompensado pelos governantes filipinos, que lhe moveram ou deixaram mover perseguiÃ§Ãµes, explicÃ¡veis pelo antissemitismo da Ã©poca.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA sua obra cobre fundamentalmente trÃªs Ã¡reas: o Direito, a HistÃ³ria e a LinguÃ­stica. Nunes de LeÃ£o foi o autor, entre muitas obras publicadas e nÃ£o publicadas, da 'CrÃ³nica dos Reis de Portugal, Lvsitani Censvrae in Libellvm de Regvm Portvgaliae Origine', sobre a origem genealÃ³gica e a histÃ³ria dos reis de Portugal, na qual analisa vÃ¡rias fontes, referindo e refutando as versÃµes mais hipotÃ©ticas da histÃ³ria de Portugal e da 'Origem, e Orthographia da Lingoa Portugueza', obra ainda hoje inovadora.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePublicou estudos pioneiros sobre o nosso idioma e Ã© considerado o fundador dos estudos ortogrÃ¡ficos. Sabe-se ainda da existÃªncia de outros escritos, nomeadamente nos domÃ­nios da lexicologia e da etimologia, que contudo se perderam.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eColigindo as palavras do seu sobrinho, escritas na dedicatÃ³ria desta obra, Duarte Nunes de LeÃ£o nÃ£o se contentou em ser um dos mais eminentes do seu tempo na Ã¡rea do Direito Civil e CanÃ³nico, tendo abraÃ§ado outras ciÃªncias; foi um notÃ¡vel erudito na histÃ³ria antiga e moderna, sendo por seu engenho e estudo capaz de toda a ciÃªncia digna de homem. Assim, Nunes de LeÃ£o nÃ£o somente se dedicou Ã  composiÃ§Ã£o das ordenaÃ§Ãµes e leis do reino de Portugal, com muita satisfaÃ§Ã£o do Rei e por seu mandado, mas tambÃ©m por honra de Portugal escreveu a sua histÃ³ria.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEntre as obras que deixou publicadas encontrava-se esta DescriÃ§Ã£o do Reino de Portugal, composta nove anos antes da sua morte.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eReferÃªncias:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePinto de Matos 372-373; Cunha, X. Impr. deslandesianas 348; Palha 3, 2741; Sabugosa 165; Arouca L 30.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMonteverde (bibliografia de 1912) RefÂª 3787: â€œIn 4Âº de xii-162 ff. [...] A folha xii Ã© preenchida apenas com uma marca gravada igual Ã  que tem o frontispÃ­cio da Orthographia da Lingua Portugueza, pelo mesmo autor, e na Ãºltima repete o registo do lugar e data da impressÃ£o. [â€¦] ClÃ¡ssico, primeira ediÃ§Ã£o.\u003cstrong\u003e Muito rara.\u003c\/strong\u003eâ€.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAmeal (bibliografia de 1924) RefÂª 1648: â€œLivro clÃ¡ssico, interessante e muito apreciado. EdiÃ§Ã£o primitiva, a mais estimada. Os exemplares sÃ£o hoje em dia muito rarosâ€.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eInocÃªncio II, 210: ' Duarte Nunes de LeÃ£o, Licenciado em Direito Civil e Desembargador da Casa da SuplicaÃ§Ã£o, escritor mui laborioso e aplicado, como se vÃª pelas muitas obras que compÃ´s, imprimindo algumas em sua vida, e deixando outras ainda inÃ©ditas: na reuniÃ£o de Portugal Ã¡ coroa de Espanha por morte do cardeal rei abraÃ§ou calorosamente os interesses de Filipe II, cujo pretendido direito de sucessÃ£o defendeu por escrito contra os que o impugnam. Foi natural de Evora, e faleceu em Lisboa, de idade mui proveta, ao que parece,no anno de 1608'.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e[EN] In 8 Â° (18.5x13.5 cm). [12], 161 [i.e. is 162] folios.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eContemporary binding in flexible parchment with manuscript title in the spine, preserving ties. Red edges.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eInside the front board is a printed palimpsest.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBeautiful print on very narrow and thick linen paper, adorned with decorative xylographic capitals throughout the text. The title page is illustrated with a typographical stripe framing the text, and in the center is engraved a coat of arms with the real arms of Portugal. The last unlisted preliminary folio presents at the center an emblematic oval medallion, decorated with a palm tree and the sun spring, in the outer field the motto: 'Omnia Omnibus'.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBibliographical specimen of great rarity.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCopy with a nineteenth-century ex-libris, 'W. E. Frere'. Very sound paper. The title page and the last folio are restored on the edges with a small strip of paper on the verse.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIt should be noted that this copy presents a handwritten correction in the title (in the word DescriÃ§Ã£o Â»DescripÃ§Ã£o) made by the same hand of the Portuguese National Library copy, thus indicating that the copies were possibly all corrected in this orthographic innovation adopted by Duarte Nunes de LeÃ£o, but still not consensual in his time.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAccording to the author\"s nephew, Gil Nunez de LeÃ£o, who submitted the petition to authorize the publication of the work to the King, no change was made to the original text, although in the last years of his life the author intended to do so, which did not happen because of his illness. Gil Nunez of the Lion says in the prologue to the reader: 'This book was finished by my uncle in the terms that is in the year 1599, while he was ill and secluded in the village of Alverca on account of the evil that, God help us, then happened in this Kingdom'.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eVery important study for Portuguese historiography, currently read and studied in many available theses. Here, the author conveys a wide range of knowledge from several areas - Law, Geography, Sociology, Economics, History - and the work appears to be complete without lack of more chapters.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe author starts with the explanation of Roman administrative law, the divisions and changes in the terms and limits of judicial circles and what was added later, when Portugal became a sovereign country.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFollowing it is the geographical description of the cities, towns and rivers of Lusitania. From page 18, the author presents the theory of Roman law, the complex concept of Roman Colony, the various ways in which there were and the presence of important Roman colonies in Portugal (such as Beja) of which the author confirms the existence through epigraphic and archaeological remains.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFrom folio 23 onwoards, the description of the mountains and mountains of Portugal, particularizing the Serra de Sintra with all its mythology linked to the Sun and Moon cults. The rivers Tejo, Guadiana, Mondego, ZÃªzere, Lima, Vouga and Douro have individual and developed descriptions with their affluents and the locations of their courses.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn folio 40 are mentioned the natural wealth and the productions in Portugal. It describes the gold, silver, jasper, turquoise and pyrite mines by region, but also the quarries and in particular those that export mill stones to the West and East Indies and even the clay that is exported on account of the good taste and smell that confers to the water stored in the pots. Also salt, olive oil and wine are mentioned (folio 41) as products much appreciated since classical antiquity, considering the author that the wines are 'of infinite load', that is, unlimited production. It contains specific chapters for honey, wax, fish, horses and cattle in general. In folio 68 the author refers to the particular flavor of the fruit and the meat of the animals in Portugal.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLastly, and more curiously, the chapter on imports that the Portuguese made and 'the reason why they may call theirs' Eastern and Western Indian productions, from Ethiopia, Arabia, Persia, China and Brazil, from diamonds, rubies, and emeralds, even musk, incense, camphor and exotic fruits of all kinds, besides ivory, lacquers, anises, pastels of all colors and spices in general.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn the sense of human wealth - which existed and exists in Portugal - the author traces the biography of the Portuguese saints (beginning with the Portuguese pope SÃ£o DÃ¢maso), joining to this list 'illustrious men from all times' in order not to happen (he quotes his nephew in the Prologue), what happened to Diocletian who had the writings of the pious men burned so that ignorance would end the work that the cruelty of the man had not been able to.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFor this reason the author includes a huge biography of Friar Bartolomeu dos MÃ¡rtires that extends over 12 folios (about 23 pages). Friar Bartolomeu, contemporary of the author, was not a saint, but the author included him and explained all the correctness of including him as a saint. Another chapter on the saints who were not Portuguese died in Portugal follows.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe penultimate theme addressed by the author (folio 138) is that of Portuguese women. The author takes them in a state of purity, honesty, recollection and various other perfections valued at the time. Then he insists on writing another chapter (144) about the value and mood of Portuguese women, comparing women from various regions of Portugal and giving individual examples of the virtue of Portuguese women famous at the time. It also adds another chapter (folio 151) with a praise to Portuguese women on their ability for liberal arts and letters.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAt the end of the book (in the last four folios) there is a chapter, which should have been, logically, at the beginning of the book, about the genesis of Portugal and referring to the Book of Genesis itself, entitled 'on how at first, after the Flood, Spain ruled itself, and how it was many thousand years without King or Monarchy,' summing up all the Egyptian, Greek and Latin mythology concerning the Iberian Peninsula. In this theme he mentions those who first came to settle the territory: 'Some were called Turduli, other Turdetani, Vettones, and Tartessus with its origins not known, neither of the time in which they came, nor of the certain places of the earth that they inhabited ... '\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDuarte Nunes de LeÃ£o, (Ã‰vora, 1530 - Lisbon, 1608) was a Portuguese jurist, linguist and historian of Jewish origin. He graduated in Law at the University of Coimbra, later serving as judge of the House of Suplication. He defended the annexation of Portugal by Castile, but was later badly compensated by the Philippine rulers, who persecuted him, or let him be persecuted, on account of the feverous anti-Semitism at that time.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHis work covers three fundamental areas: Law, History and Linguistics. Nunes de LeÃ£o was the author, among many published and unpublished works, of the 'Chronicle of the Kings of Portugal, Lvsitani Censvrae in Libellvm de Regvm Portvgaliae Origine', on the genealogical origin and history of the kings of Portugal, in which he analyzes various sources, referring and refuting the most hypothetical versions of the history of Portugal and also of the 'Origin, and Orthographia of Lingoa Portugueza', still an innovative work on linguistics.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHe published pioneering studies on our language and is considered the founder of orthographic studies. He is known to have written other works, especially in the fields of lexicology and etymology, which have however been lost.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCollecting the words of his nephew, written in the dedication of this work, Duarte Nunes de LeÃ£o was not content to be one of the most eminent of his time in the area of Civil and Canon Law, having embraced other sciences; was a notable scholar in ancient and modern history, being by his ingenuity and study capable of all science worthy of man. Thus, Nunes de LeÃ£o not only devoted himself to the composition of the ordinations and laws of the kingdom of Portugal, with warrant and much satisfaction from the King, but also, for the honor of Portugal, wrote his history.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAmong the works he published was this â€œDescriÃ§Ã£o do Reino de Portugalâ€, composed nine years before his death.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eReferences:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePinto de Matos 372-373; Cunha, X. Impr. Deslandesiana 348; Palha 3, 2741; Sabugosa 165; Arouca L 30.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMonteverde (bibliography of 1912) Ref 3787: 'In 4Âº of xii-162 ff. [...] Sheet xii is filled only with an engraved mark equal to the one that has the frontispiece of the Orthographia da Lingua Portugueza, by the same author, and in the last one it repeats the record of the place and date of the impression. [...] Classic, first edition. Very rare. '\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAmeal (bibliography of 1924) Ref. 1648: 'Classic book, interesting and much appreciated. Primitive edition, the most prized. The copies are nowadays very rare.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e' InocÃªncio II, 210: 'Duarte Nunes de LeÃ£o, Licensed in Civil Law and Judge of the House of Suplication, very laborious and applied writer, as can be seen from the many works he composed, printing some in his life, and leaving others still unpublished: During the subjugation of Portugal under the crown of Spain on the death of the Cardinal King, warmly embraced the interests of Philip II, whose alleged right of succession he defended in writing against those who impugned him. He was born in Evora, and passed away in Lisbon of very old age, apparently in the year of 1608'\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Garimpo dos Livros","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":58295833166156,"sku":"1609JC004","price":24000.0,"currency_code":"BRL","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1066\/5617\/0316\/files\/1609JC004_1.jpg?v=1785851242","url":"https:\/\/garimpodoslivros.com.br\/products\/descria-a%c6%92o-do-reino-de-portvgal","provider":"Garimpo dos Livros","version":"1.0","type":"link"}